How does hourly variation in exposure to cyclists and motorised vehicles affect cyclist safety? A case study from a Dutch cycling capital

Cycling is promoted as a sustainable and healthy mode of transport, which results in an increase bicycle use urban areas. Increasing comes with growing concerns about cyclist safety. This study examines how the temporal variation network-wide exposure to cyclists motorised vehicles affects crash frequency. Network-wide hourly volumes were estimated regression models used identify effect traffic on crashes city Utrecht, Dutch cycling capital. The show that increasing vehicles, lesser extent, cyclists, increases number 50 km/h roads. For 30 roads, no statistically significant relationship between was found. Moreover, it shown numbers roads are less sensitive compared Furthermore, stronger factor affecting lanes or mixed conditions than separated facilities. To conclude, this shows road safety for needs further improvements, cities keeps increasing.